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. c. HAMANN AUTOMATI G CALCULATING MACHINE Original F' iled Feb. 15, 1915 A8 Sheets-Shet v C. HAMANN AUTOMATIC CALCULATING MACHINE Dec. 22 1925- Original Filed Feb. 15, 1915 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 f ii 11.5.1 ll.

CHRISTEL HAMANN, F MIEHLIS, GERI'EAJHIZ.

AUTOMATIC CALCULATENG IVEACHINE.

Apphcation filed February 15, 1915, Serial 110.2%,339. Renewed April 28, 1919.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CiinIs'rEL HAMANN, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Mehlis, Thuringia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Calculating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

Known computing'machinos operated by a power source, are sometimes found to work automatically, that is, the machines completely execute the calculation of a product or a quotient, after preliminary setting of the given values. The entire construction of such machines is,-however, so complicated,

' 5 that they until now have found no practical use. The automatic execution of division is moreover not perfect, because for each quotient place, two turnings have to be made,

one forsubtraction and one for addition,

wherlebythe computing'is considerably de- 1a cc.

lhe present machine which is equally use- 111 for hand and power operation, is con- ;structed in accordance with the present inventi'on onthe simplest principles and differs considerably from similar machines, particularly as regards division.

Although any known type of computing machines may be adapted to the present device, machines in which the division process takes place automatically as described in U. S. Patent 1,011,617 are preferred. As new the principal parts of the computing machine are known, such parts have in the accompanying drawings beenonly diagrarn- Figure 13is a section along line 13--13 of Figure 14 of the carrying mechanism.

Figure 14 is a section along line l t-1 1 of Figure 13;

Figure 15 a similar view to Figure 14 with the parts in a ditlerentposition;

Figure 16 a horizontal section along line 16-16 of Figure 1 1; I

Figure 1' the parts in different position and .Figure 18 a similar view to Figure-13 with the parts in different position;

Figures 19 to 22 are details-of parts; Fig ure 20 being a side view of a part shown in Figure 19, and Figure 22 being an end view of Figure .21..

Figure 23 is a detail View of the setting means;

Figure 24 is a detail view of the setting device for the multipliers.

Fig. 25 is a perspective view showing the spindle and the operation of the tooth rack and pawl.

Fig. 26 is a similar perspective view and in addition to the foregoing shows the cooperation of the multiplier setting device.

Fig. 26 is a detail of a trapezoid-shaped member.

Fig. 27 shows in vertical section the number rollers and their co-acting levers.

( a similar view to Figure 16 with Fig. 28 shows in detail the. actuation-of the levers ,by the trapezoid-shaped member. Fig. 29 is a top plan, with the cover partly broken away, of Fig. 27.

Fig. 30 is a detailshowing the'rail and I lever for locking the numbertable and Fig. 31 shows the automatic control connection for the state control lever.

Referring now to'Figures 1, 2 and 3, A. denotes the fixed'carrying device and B the number table movable along the former, and

comprising together therewith the computing machine proper. The new part added to these is the setting device C, for setting the multipliers, the casing for which is rigidly connected with the number table B and seen in section in Figure 1. In Figures 2 and 3 the casing has been broken away in order to show some details. The machine is mounted on the foundation plate D. The foundation plate D rests with its edge on a flange of a til the side 13 of the recess in hollow, inclined stand, not shown, which conceals the gearing beneath the foundation plate, giving the machine the necessary inclination, also making'it convenient for inspection.

Beneath the foundation plate, the easily interchangeable motor E is secured, its r0- tation being transmittedto the disk 5 through spur gears 1 and 2 and bevel gears 3 and 1 reducing the speed, the gear being rigidly connected with the disk 5.

This disk is freely revoluble on the driving spindle 10, but compression spring 8, pressing with one end against the camdisk 9, causes dragging of the disk 5 so that it turns with suficient resistance on the spindle 10. \Vith its upper side the disk 5 impinges against the drum 7, which is keyed to the spindle 10. See Figures 6 and7. Within the drum is provided a ring 11, which carries a projection 12. In consequence of the friction set up between the disk 5 and the drum 7, the latter has a tendency to partake in the turning the disk in the direction of the arrow, Figure '6. which turning continues after thespring'24has been compressed, unthe drum impinges against the projection 12. As soon as the projection 12 is' held fast by the hookshaped lever 14-, the drum will be prevented from further turning. The motor, or the hand-drive, may therefore operate without interruption, and still not influence the driv-- ing spindle 10.

If the machine has to do work, the projection 12 is released, which in additionand subtraction-work is effected by pressure on the key 15. By the lever 15 of said key (see Figures 1 and 19) which generally is pressed upwards by the spiral spring 16, one end of the lever 1-4 will be bent downwards, said lever 14 not being formed ofone single unflexible piece, but consisting, of two halves flexibly jointed by a spring 16 (see Figures 19 and 20). After the displacement of the end of lever 14 effected hereby, the compression spring 24, turns the ring 11 a certain distance in the direction of the arrow, whereby the small cylindrical stud 17, carried bv.

the ring. will be wedged between. the eccentrically recessed wall 19 ofthe drum 7 and the cylinder 18, which latter is rigidly connected with the pulley 5 and the bevel gear 4.

There is now a positive connection between i the bevel gear 4 and the driving spindle 10.

so that the latter is made to rotate, and the machine operates. When the hooked lever 14 againenters the path of the projection 12, the latter will be held fast and the cvlindrical stud 17 released from the wedging, so that the coupling is broken.

The above described coupling is well known, for instance in the carriage-wheel industry and its perfect action has been established.

aeeaeei The setting table A is equipped with proportionally slidable bars asdescribed in Patent 1,011,617. Fig. 12 of the'drawings in the present application illustrates the principle of this setting device. Referring to this figure it will be noted that ten slidable bars are provided of which the outer indicated as 90 and 91 can be selectively locked by means of the control 20. A cross bar. is pivoted beneath all the slidable bars and this cross bar is rocked back and forth at each rotation of the operating shaft by means of a crank 10. In the drawing the bar 90 is indicated as locked by the sliding latch 89 and under this condition the bar 91 upon the actuation of the crank 10 will be carried tothe right a distance corresponding to 9 units. As indicated inthe drawing each of the intermediate bars receives aproportional movement and this movement is adapted to be transmitted to the number wheels beneath windows 57" as is fully described in the patent referred to. it upon locking bar 90 the mechanism executes a substractive movement, upon locking bar 91 and freeing bar 90 an additive movement will be executed upon the actuation of the crank. It is to be noted that upon performing a subtractive operation nines will normally appear in all of the windows 57 to the left of the number which has arrived therein.

Addition.

U. S. Patent No. 1,011,617. The setting of the machine to addition or subtraction is effected by the stud 20 (Figures 2, 3, 4 and 12) and results in the rack-arrangement 90', 91 receiving its alternating drive, (see schematical view inFigure 12). At the stud 20 the directions Addition, Multiplication, Subtraction and Division are provided.

If the machine is to be used for adding, the stud 20 is first set for addition, whereafter by suitable means such as slidable studs such as are shown at 14 in the. carrying device A in U. S. Patent No. 1,011,617, the numbers are set. After setting of a number in the carrying device, the key 15 has to be depressed, whereupon the resulting sum may be read off through the windows 57 In setting the machinefor adding or subtraction the number table B is arrested, that is it is not subjected to any displacement as'in other automatic machines, i. e. the British Letters Patent 14,453/1905.

Subtraction. Aftersetting the stud 20 for subtraction weasel and putting the greater one of, the numbers in the number table B by means of the knobs 76 in'the windows 57* and the lower one in the carrying device A, by means of the sliding studs as described in the U. S. patent referred to, the difference will appear in the windows 57 after pressing the key 15. The setting of the minuend-is accomplished in the same manner as described in U. S. Patent 1,011,617 and by the mechanism as shown for example in Fig. 6 thereof. Knobs 76 and windows 57 mentioned above correspond respectively to knobs 4.5 and windows 71 of the patent.

Multiplication.

While the coupling between the source of power and the driving shaft has to be closed by hand by depressing a key for addition and substraction, this is done automatically for'multiplication and division by the entry of the number table in another decade. The number tabl B, which is continuously sphjected to a pull towards the left,-see Figure 3, from a spring tlrrough the intermedi ary of the chain 31, Figure 3, is-now drawn against this spring action, so many places to the right, as there are places in the multiplier which has already been put down inthe setting device C. The settin device C is rigidly connected with the number table B, and therefore partakes in the movements of the latter, which occur in the direction of the arrows ab, Figs. 27 and 29. Through the vertically yieldable pawl 23, which grips behind the teeth of the fixed tooth-rack 32, the number table B experiences a resistance at each of these places. If, for instance, the number table B is drawn to the fifth place, the pawl 23 will engage behind the fifth tooth of the tooth-rack 32, so that the number table will be held there against the action of the spring. A second, thinner tooth-rack 25, see Figures 1, 3 and 10 lies flat against the" tooth-rack 32, and this tooth-rack25 is displaced a small amount to the right, see Figure 10, being movable this amount in its longitudinal direction. It engages, by means of arecess 25 one end, 27 of the two-armed lever 28 (see Figs. 2, 25 and 26-). Should now this movable toothrack 25 be displaced to the left, through the pressure from the pawl 23, which is connected with the number table, thereby bringing the teeth of the tooth-rack 25 to coincide with each of the teeth of the tooth-rack 32, then the push rod 29 will cause an oscillanecessary to draw the number table B to the right and thereupon release it. The machine then completes so many revolutions as the multiplier has units at the place. where the pawl 23 has been arrested. Upon the release of the paw-li after th machine has completed its operation in any decimal place, the carriage B is moved one place to the left under the influence of spring 30 through chain 31, Fig. 3. scribed below the number of revolutions for each place of the multiplier is regulated.

As mentioned above, the multiplier is put down to show in the windows of the setting device C by the number rollers 22 andthe use of th buttons 21; the multiplier being readable in a straight lineytnere being a number roller for each window. The number rollers 22 are rigidly mounted on their shafts andare' integral with the ten toothed gear wheels 33 and 34, as well as with the single tooth 35 registering with the zero mark. A ratchet cone (see Fig. 1) meshes with the gear wheel 34 in order to make the position positive, whilst each of the gear wheels 33 may beturned one tooth by the single acting ratchet pawl 36. The latter consists of a two-armed lever 37, which is mounted by means of a journal 69 in a bearing fixed relatively to the movable number table 13, and carries at its upper end the single acting pawl 36 constantly drawn towards an abutment by a helical spring 36 see Figures 9 and 26. 'Withthe lever swung out, as in the initial position, the pawl 36 is so situated, that th teeth of the gear wheel 33, can pass by'without interruption, when the number table B slides over it. If the hooked lever 14 has been turned away, that means that the machine is in operation, the cam disk 9 then turns with the driving shaft 10, to which it is keyed, causing the,

By the device debell crank 39 to oscillate through the intermediary of the connecting rod 38, which is attached to one of the offset arms of the bell crank, the other arm 41 being connected to the pushing rod 40, which lastly oscillates the lever 37. Each revolution of the driving shaft 10 consequently causes an oscilla tion of the lever 37. During idle running of the pawl 36 from left to right, in the first half of operation of the machine, the pawl 36 snaps back without turning the number wheel 22 when the pawl hits a tooth, but on forward running, that is in the direction of the arrow in Figure 9, the wheel will be turned one tooth.

Supposing for instance. that the multiplier 7 9042 has been put down, the number table has then to be shifted to the fifth place, so that the place, having the value 7, stands opposite the fixed bearing 45. When now the machine is started after the pawl 23 has impinged against a tooth of the stationary tooth rack 32 and the movable rack 25 the pawl 36- will, during the first revolution of I window,

the drivingshatt 10 by means of the enumerated intermediary members, turn the number wheel 22. situated rightopposite, from T to (3: during the second revolution to 5 until on the last turn the nun'ieral O is .visible in the window, seven units having hecn thus set back gradually when finally the pawl 2 released and the coupling broken. whereby the machine is again brought to rest. s

The release ol the pawl 23 has consequent which lever depresses the trapezoidshaped member 44 by ll'lQtlDS of its roller 43, see Fig nres 1,2, 3 and 5, 26, 27, 28. 29. A lever 42 carrying the roller til is seated rotatively at "the end opposite the roller in a block which is fastened to the housing (7. lf'the'number table I") and the housing C connected with it is moved past the stationary bearing 45 in the direction of the arrows (4b, the rollers til ot lever 4-2. in case no pawl projects downwardly. that is in case no 0 is set up, will slide over the trapezoicbshaped member 4.4-. wl'iereb they are raised a slight degree. This condition is shown in Fig. 28 where the lever 42 does not bear against. the trapezoid-shaped member. The member 44 is rigidly connected with a dove-tail slidel-tt guided in the stationary bearing 45 Figures l, 2, 3. 4 and 5. in which also another dove-tail slide 47 moves. lu order that a pressure by the slide l? on the trapezoid member it may set the slide in motion in this instance (but not in other instances as will be described later) a connecting bar 50, which with its shank 51 connects with the switch 52, is laid over two screws 48, 45) seated on the slides 46 and 47. This connecting bar 50 grips at one time with its large opening over the two screws 48 and 49, see Figures 1, 4 and 5, and at other times with the small opening depending on the position of the switch 52 and the use of which will be described further on. During a multiplication process, the connecting bar 50 grips with its smaller opening over the screws causing the slide 47to partake in the IHOVGHIOTitS of slide 46. The slide 4:? carries at its upper end roller 53 by means of which it rests against the bent down side 54 of the linked parallelogram 67, 68.- This parallelogram comprises the bar and the two arms 67 and 68 the latter having hinged connection with the wall of the number table B, and the arm 67 being revoluble on the shaft 93. The parallelogram bar lies with its underside 54 on the roller 54 of the already described pawl 23. It now a pressure is exerted on the trapezoid member by the roller 43 ot' the lever 12, (which will occur by means of the, single tooth 35 ol the number drum 22. on the appearance of in the window). then the parallelogram side ."i-l will press the pawl downward which with its other end will disengage from the stationary tooth'rack 32, whereupon the number table can respond to the pull of the spring 30 and move to another place which will occur in the present example a ttcr seven of the projection 12 holding it fast, whereby" the driving shaft 10 will be disengaged and the machine set at rest.

The machine will now remain at rest until the number table moves into a new position namely: to the 4th place in which the pawl,

23. which in the meantime has been released the ledge 5% will now draw the t00th-rack 25 toward the left, releasing the projection 12 and again setting the machine in motion as many times as the value required by the new place of the multiplier. Its position will now be at fourth place opposite the bearing 45, so thatv the fourth line of numbers which contains nine units will be positioned on 0 by the oscillating ratchet 36 after nine revolutions. As soon as this has taken place, the pawl 23 will be again disengaged, and the number table again released travelling to the third place in which the multiplier already shows 0. The pawl 23 does not meet with a resistance from the tooth rack 32 in this place, because on the appearance of a 0 the single tooth 35, points downward thereby pressing the lever 42 with its roller 43,, so that the latter on arriving in the third place will influence the parallelogram side 54 through the trapezoid member 44 together with the slide 47 aiid the roller 53; and as a consequence the pawl 23 will not be able to "fall behind a tooth of the tooth-rack 32 but will instead directly enter the next, that is second lace. As then pawl 23 did notenter in the t iird place of the tooth-rack 32, the narrow tooth-rack 25 will not be influenced and as a consequence the number table will not be arrested in this place and no driving of the machine will occur.

By entering the second place of the multiplier the. value of which contains four units, themachine accomplishes four revoluthe present machine as greener tions whereupon the'number table switches in to the first, that is, the unit place, and accomplishes still two more revolutions.

The multiplier 79042.which had arrived in the windows has now disappeared in its place appearing a row of zeros said number,

member 44, but since in this case the lever 42 cannot be moved, the 'trapezgid-sha ed member 44 is forced downwardly, where y, as stated, the pawl 23 is finally released so that in all of these positions, which show Os, the numbertable B is not stopped.

Should a row of zeros appear in the 'mul tiplieror if-a row-of zeros should remain invthe multiplier setting device (I one dopressed roller 43 after the other will slide over the trapezoid member 44 'releasing the pawl 23 as many'times as there are-{Zeros unless it is not engaged that manytimes.

It is of the greatest importancelthat th number .table B does not moveQ-out of 'its' position before the machine takenup its normal position, that is, until the tooth racks 90-and 91 have entered their initial position, because shifting can only be made,

in'the initial position which .is-the case with well as every other computing machine.

In order that the number'plate B may be movable only when the shaft 10 is in the normal position, a lever has been provided which durinpg'the rotation of the shaft enters a recess in a rail secured on the numher table, thislever only disengaging when the crank stands normal. This arrangement although not new and therefore not claimed in this application has however been retained therein. 'It is fully described in the U. S.'P&llBI1t above referred to and attention -is called in particular to Fig. 411 of the drawings in that patent elements 145, 147, 148 and 149. As long as the driving shaft 10 stays out of its initial position and as long as the projection 12 does not impinge against the hook in the lever 14 the numbertable B is locked. The awl 23 is prevented after its release from fa ing again behind the same tooth of the rack 32 by the tooth rack 25 which therefore has an additional function to the one already described. The tooth-rack moves rapidly toward the right at the instant when the pawl 23 is released, thereby bringing the hook 14 into the path of the projection 12 and partly In this position where This numbertable,, which is filling the spaces of-the tooth-rack 32. As a consequence the pawl cannot now enter behind the same tooth but instead remains on the tooth-rack 25 and for that reason permits the number table to travel into the next place when the machine attains its initial position.

In the present invention the switching of the carrying device has no influence whatever on th'eQposition of the number table. As soon as the dili'eren-t places in the multiplier have been exhausted, a row of zeros,

will appear (as has already been described) in the windows above the number rollers 22. In order now to show that the multiplier has been correctly placed, the multiplier will 'again appear, after the exhaustion of each-individual place, in the number table situated below ,the windows 57, Figure 8. rovided in most computing machinesof this type, may be arranged in any. desired manner. It is evident from the above description that the ment of the number plate B so that the mul- Itiplic'and originally set up on the carrying device A has been multiplied'by the accordance with the machine as described in Patent-No. 1,011,617 the product will 'now appear "in the windows 57 while the multiplierwill stand in the windows 57. It .will belunderstood that each time the multigflicand is added to itself the acting digit the multiplier in the setting device will be reduced by 1 and 1 will be added in the corresponding window 57 of the number table B. Multiplying by seven, for exain-.

ple, after the first revolution of the ma chine, 6 will appear in the settingdevice C in'place of t, the figure 1 will appear in the corresponding window 57 of the numher table B while the multiplicand itself will appear in the windows 57 as well as in the windows of the carrying device A.

At the end of the operation consequently zero, will appear in the setting device C in the place of 7, 7 will appear in the cor-' responding window 57, while the product will appear in the windows 57% The ma-.

chine will now automatically pass to the next decimal place. i

The machine is driven in the difi'erent decades according to the multiplier setby the lmobs 21, that is with regard to the example already cited 79042, in the unitplace twice, in the first decade four times in the second decade not at all, in the third decade nine-timesand in the fourth decade seven times the number roller too receives in the unit-place two drives in the first decade four drives, in the second decade no drive at all, that is zero and so on.

setting device C has controlled the move- The said number table may be driven any suitable manner by a movable machine part and is also in known manner provided I desired.

If a zero appears in the multiplier, as,- for instance, in the number 790 12 upon the zeroizing of the 9, the table B will travel directly to the fourth place of the number inasmuch as the zero appearing in the third place has kept the rail 5 1 depressed and hence pawl 23 released. The machine has thus traveled two decimal places and has gained considerable momentum so that upon the re-engagement of the pawl 23 with the rack a considerable shock will result. In order to avoid this disadvantage a special arrangement has been provided so that the number table will be moved gradually; and this arrangement is constructed as follows (see Figs. 1 and 30) On the transmission shaft 58, an eccentric 59 is rigidly mounted and against this eccentric lies a roller 62 which ismounted on the rail 61 actuated by a spring 60 Figure 1. By turning the eccentric 59, which is done continuously even when the machine stands still, the rail 61 accomplishes movements in its longitudinal direction thereby bringing the two-armed lever 63 which is fulcrumed at point 75, into rapid oscillation. The rail 61 grips the lower end of lever 63 by means of a slot, the spring 65 continuously urging 63 against the notch 64, Figure 1. It now the slide moves to the right, the lever will be ppsitively actuated but the movement of the lever to the left will on the other hand be done by means of the spring 65. The function' of this spring will be further explained here below. The lever 63 engages through its upper end with the angular tooth-rack 66 situated in the housing of the number table and will therefore momentarily arrest the number table B and subsequently again release it when the lever becomes disengaged and the number table continues on its way. As, however, the inertia of the number table on account of its great mass is quite considerable, it will only travel soshort a distance that it again is arrested by the upper end of the lever, when thelatter engages behind another tooth of the tooth-rack 66. The number table B consequently travels the length of the space'between the teeth of the tooth-rack 66 by steps. As has already been described the number-table is drawn toward the right before the starting of a new multiplication which the lever 63 will prevent if it were securely connected with the rail 61 and it it accidentally had the position illustrated in Figure 1. As however the lever yields on account of spring 65 the teeth of the tooth-rack 66 which are bevelled on one sidewill now be able to push the lever back.- It is moreover possible that on account of its inertia the number table might move only a distance of two teeth, when the lever 63 if securely fastened would be unable to engage with the tooth-rack 66 which also might cause interruptions. Obviously these disadvantages have been avoided by the insertion of spring 65. Most of the parts provided for carrying out automatic multiplication are not necessary for automatic division and are therefore thrown out on changing the switch 52 to division. The question is now how to avoid, during the process of division, the driving of the wheels 33 and the number wheels 22. This is accomplished by having the pawl 36 with the lever 37 lowered so far that the pawl no longer impinges with the wheel 33. The retaining screw 69 serving as fulcrum for oscillating lever 37 is threaded in the slide 70 which fits with itsdove-tail in the bearing 45, this screw penetrating the latter with its neck 71 see Figures 1, 3 and 5. A compression spring 72 rests against the neck 71, pressing the slide and also the lever 37 downwards. If the switch 52 is positioned on letter M see Figures 3 and 26, the inclined face 73 on the end of the rail 7& which is connected with the. switch, will enter beneath the neck 71 tl'iereby raising the slide 70 so high that the pawl 36 impinges with the wheel 33. Should, however, the switch be placed on letter D the slide falls and the wheel 33 will not be influenced. Through this switching the connecting bar 50 seated on the rail 51 will take the position indicated in Figure 4, so that no connection will occur between the trapezoid member 14 and the roller 53 in consequence of the greater opening with which the bar now engages with the screws 48 and 49. As no multiplier is placed during division, the zeros will remain in the windows and the single tooth 35 for actuat ing the lever 42 as well as the roller 43 will be ineft'ective.

Automatic division. I

In the following description oi the operation of automatic division, reference is made to computing machines of the prior art, such as mentioned in the preamble of this specification .and forming the foundation of the present invention. and such for instance as that disclosed in U. S; Patent No. 1,011,617 In said machines the division is accomplished by regularly alternating subtraction and addition, and at each change from one system of computation to the other, the number table has to be shifted one place. ln the present case the process is the same, only reversed, as in the known devices the numher table is shifted one place by moving a switch by hand, in the present device the machines, 'in such a manner that the saiddividend appears in the windows 57 and hereafter settlng the CllVlSOI by means'of studs on the carrying device A just as would be done with a number or multiplier in all other known computing machines highest .places of said dividend and divisor will be positioned opposite each other, which is accomplished in this case in the same manner as in all other computing machines,

that is by displacement of the number table. As the latter is now locked in the position it has received, a successive subtraction will now take place through a greater or smaller number of revolutions of the machine, which continue until one revolution more than necessary has been made. The number table now proceeds to the next decade, whereby the machine is simultaneously switched from subtraction to addition.- As soon as it has completely reached the new position, a further addition of the divisor to the negative part dividends takes place, which is repeated until zeros appear at the left of the dividend.

The value, resulting from this combination procedure and appearing quotient, does however not yet give the correct quotient, but it has an exact relation there to. The correct quotient will not be produced however unless positive revolutions are made in the quotient register during the negative working of the carrying device, and negative revolutions are made during the positive working of the carrying device.

Thus when the divisor 1s being subtracted;- the quotient register 1s being actuated pos1-' I tirely and when on the shifting of the machine the divisor is being added the quotient register is being negatively operated. Thus if the jdivisor has been added once the quotient register will pass from Zero back to 0 whereby the tens transfer mechanism will. be actuated thus subtracting 1 from the next higher place. The mechanism for accompanying these functions has been described in the patent to which reference has been made.

The shifting of the quotient register takes place in connection with the reversing of the carrying device, which will be more fully described further on.

The following should have particular notice:

the

in the Each division commences with subtraction, that is the sw1tch 20 for the carrying "device is placed on subtraction and the switch 102 for the quotient register is placed in its normal position, that means, that in this position the counting will be advancing in the quotient register or from 9 to 0.

The operation will now be illustrated by the following example:

As described in the patent the dividend then is placed in the table so that it appears in windows 57 while the divisor is set up in' the setting device A. By displacement of the number table B the highest places of the dividend and divisor are nowbrought opposite each other. During its movement whether from left to right, or from right to left, the switch 20 has been given a back andforth movement by means of the following mechanism: A pin '78 secured in the slide 79 engages with zig Zag curve 77in the tooth-rack 66 see Figure 3, in such a manner that the slide 79, in moving the number table, travels back and forth in its longitudinal direction. On setting the switch 52 on D the tongue 80 thereof has pushed the flap 81 tothe right, whereby the connecting rod 82 will enter the aperture 83 in the slide '79 see Figures 3 and 11. The flap 81 as well as the connecting rod 82 are rigidly secured on the shaft 84, which is rockable and slidablein the bearings 85 and 85. then the switch 52 is placed on D, the flap 81 will thus oscillate ack and forth but on pressing the switch on M this does not take place, because the '11. The rocking of the flap 81 is communicated by means of the link 87 to the switch lever 88 (knob 20) which is thus rocked back and forth alternately locking racks 90 and 91 by means of the sliding pin 89 (see Fig. 12). It Will be evident from the above that the machine executes addition or subtraction when one or the other of the tootlrracks 00 or 91 is held fast. by the pin 89.

A two armed lever 92 grips the. flap 81 with its lower fork-shaped end and a flap 94: slidable on a square sectioned shaft 93 with its upper fork-shaped end. In'thi-s manner the rocking of the flap 81 is communicated to the flap 94; After the number-table has been drawn entirely to the right, the switch 20 for the carrying device points to subtraction and the switch 102 for the quotient register, with which it is connected by means of a pin 101, points to normal. If now the number table is released to the tension ofcoupling will be disengaged as has already the tooth-rack 25, and the machine begins table.

its subtraction in the manner shown in this example:

As the machine in the prior art (as disclosed in the U. S. Patent. No. 1,011,617) selected in this case,for illustration cannot make a direct subtraction but accomplishes this through addition in the complement values, the rest remaining in the windows does not produce a negative number. Instead of the device subtracting 625 its complement number 375'will be added. In that case a carrying from 9 to 0 will not occur in the highest place as is usual in the ordinary subtraction. The sleeve 120, se'e Figure 13 which serves to prepare the carrying of the tens remains uninfiuenced in its posltion and slide 96 which has been moved outward by the machine driven cam member 97, impinges by means of its pin 95 against the projection 98 of the fiapv94 whereby thelattor together with the square'shaft 93 will be tilted see Figure 14. The handle 103 reaching through theew'all of the housing of the number table is'keyed to the end of the square shaft 93 See Figs. 1 and 2 which handle rests by means of its finger 104 against the pin 105 provided in the arm 67 operating as'a single acting connection. By pressing on the'bar 54 the shaft 93 will therefore not be actuated, the arm 67 however will now be actuated through the connecting rod. This arm will be made to swing outward on tilting the flap 94 through the turning of the square shaft 93, and the rail will be depressed, whereby the pawl 23 as already described in the process of multiplication is released and as a consequence the coupling will be broken and the number table brought into another position. Through this entering into another position and through the intermediary of the curve 77, the switches 58, 20 and 102 as well as thefiap; 94 will be reversed so that apositive connecting will take place in the number table and a negative counting in the quotient. In the machine the computation is carried out in the following example:

Through the four turnings a. 0 will now appear in the last window of the number Now the same thing will happen as when a 9 appeared during subtraction. During the first three revolutions the slide 96 'of the series is represented. In addition to a vertical reciprocating motion a lateral rocking of the slide is permitted and for this purpose the upper guide slot at 95, Fig. 14, is made broader. Figs. Hand 17 show how the slide 96 is swung out laterally.

In the hollow space of the bearing the lever is pivotally disposed and its beveled end rests on a pin 95 on the slide 96 whereby by means of the spring 95 connected to the plate on the pawl, the slide 96 is normally pressed to the right. This pawl and spring assure that the slide 96 will travel vertically unless it is forced from this position, If it is forced out of its vertical travel it is rocked to the left and assumes the position of Figure 15 sinceithe beveling of the resilient lever 25* permits motion along the two components of the. force. On changing from 9 to in the last place the sleeve 120 experiences an axial displacement, see Figure 13, through the bevelled pin 122 connected therewith when said pin slides over the bevelled pin 123 seated on the housing of the machine. Since the cam member Won the displacement of the sleeve 120 still has the position shown in F gure 13 the slide 96 is still in its position of rest, Figure 14, so that the ring 124' of the sleeve 120 can pass unob-- structed over the beveled head of the slide 96 and assume the position shown in Figures 17 and 18. v .The sleeve 129 has now taken the positio indicated in. Figure 17 so that on the fourth revolution of the machine, wherein the cam member 97 partakes thereby pushing the slide 96 upwards this slide will then drive the sleeve. 120 to one side through the intermediary of the ring 124 and the pin 99 will impinge with the projection 100 of the flap 94 bringing it into oscillation see Figure 15. Then, as before the coupling 1s broken, the number table proceeds into a new position, the carrying device is reversed into subtraction and the normal counting in the quotient now takes place. In the third decade the following will occur:

During the third revolution, the flap 94 will be tilted bythe pin 95 and the number table then proceeds into addition while simultaneously the carrying device is reversed and. the quotientis turned into negative counh From the above given example it will be evident that the automatic division is composed of alternate subtraction and addition and always changing decades. No excessive sub- 5 traction as is usual in numerous machines is therefore to be added in the same decade for the purpose of correction but instead in rhe'next decade below.' Through the first revolution in the highest decade a 1" will appear in the quotient register by means ofpo sitive counting, in the following a 6 will appear through negative counting and so alternately. On 3C count of the decimal carrying in the (1110 t ent register, the extra revolution caused by the one too many subtractionsdisappears when in the following, next lower place counting is executed negatively. The l in the highest place is again changedinto a 0" and the 4 changed into a 6 and the 3 again ,diminished one unit while the 5, being the last valu'eremains unaltered. Without the carrying of tens in the quotient as will be evident from this example the 5 numbers 1, 4, 3 and 5 will appear in thewindows of the quotient as will be evident from this example through the carrying of the tens, each number appearing before anegatire counting will be diminished one unit, that means, the 1 would disappear and the 3 changed into a 2. As the Way of carrying the tens may be chosen at will and forms no subject-matter of the present in- \ention, reference is made to the U. S. Pat cnt No. 1,011,617 wherein said procedure is thoroughly explained. I

As soon as the number table has reached its new position when the pawl 23 again impinges against a tooth ofthe tooth-rack 32', the coupling .will again be connected through the tooth-rack 25 and the machine again started until the last decimal placeof the number table B ,is reached. Hereafterthe pawl 23 is released and thenumber table moves only to a little amount to the left, whereby the pin 220 (see, Figures 21 and 22) provided in the front Wall of the casing of the number table B abuts against one of the' arms of the two-arined lever 221 and reverses the same into the position repremg, in the fourth decade when finally the example has the following appearance:

sented by dotted lines until it abuts against the stud 125 provided at the stationary machine frame D, whereby further movement now the number table B has been moved 05 from its last positionand is brought in another working' position, so that the pawl 23 lies behind one of the teeth of the tooth-rack 32, the end 222 of the lever 22lengages by means of the spring 223 the contact-fork 224 whereby the circuit isclosed to the motor. At the end of the computing proced me, the number-table B leaves its last position of work, interrupts hereby the coupling and consequently the electrical current. The machine remains, at rest so long as the numher table has not been brought into a new working position. This'simple arrangement has been described by way of example. Many other diiferent arrangements may be o used to obtain the same result. i

'In accordance with the above given example it isnecessary to reverse the quotient register in a corresponding manner so that an erroneous appearing 1 will be removed hit through the carrying of the tens. This is attained as has already been indicated through a co'nnectionbetween the switch. 88 and the switch 102 for the quotient register, I when the pin-101 is pushed through the no switches 20' and 102-. I

Exchange of themtmber tableomd intew'up time of the drive by hand.

A handle 103 has been provided'for the purpose of displacing the number table. If laid over to the left the ledge 54 will release the pawl 23 and the number'table is now free to movein both directions. The T1111? ning of the machine may also be interrupted members.

- end that it only can engage with the toothin the machine.

illililtiplz'cotoa accmnplz'siiccl partly by hand.

Some computations as for instance for root extraction require that the number table B is actuatedby hand instead of automatically solving it as above: This can be accomplished at will through the handle 103 as has already been explained] Should it however be necessary to hold it in a certain place, the latch 106, lligures 1, 2, and 3,1nust then first be drawn back so that the square bar 107 may obey the pulling ot' a spring and tall downwards. This bar is at its lower end formed as a stud 10S and is generally prevented trem tailing through the hook 109 which-rests in a groove. This hook 109 is rigidly secured on the square shaft 93 an'dis integral with the handle,103. It now the latter is actuated, the hook 100 will be disengaged and the stud 108 it'alls into the tooth rack 32, see Figure 2, thereby securing the number table. In order to prevent a connection of the coupling of the machine as would occur through engagement of the pawl 23, the stud 108 has been so shaped at its'lower rack 32 but not with the tooth-rack 25. Should now the numbentablc have to be moved'one place, a pressure on the key 110 will release the stud 108 but it will not throw the hook 109 into the groove of the bar 107, because the stroke of the key 110 is not sutliciently great being limited by the projection 111. The stud 108 will now rest against another tooth of the tooth-rack and the number table is shifted one place.

Caution against passing the place number.

The described device may also be used as a caution against passing the place number t will be supposed that the importance of such passing is already known and it will be I evident from the description of the automatic division that the stud 94 will be tilted if,-for instance in the last place in the machine the nines are again transformed into 0 and as the hook 109 as regards the direction of turning partakes in this movement the stud 108 will be disengaged and prevent a further traveling of the carriage.

But as the pawl 23 would also be disengaged.

by means of the known gear members, the coupling will therefore be broken and the machine will be arrested for caution. After the passing has been noticed, the pressure on the key 112 will again disengage the stud 10S and, in opposition to the action of the because through the disengagement ot the key 110, permit the hook 109 to snap forward, which is possible on account of the larger stroke given to key 112 as compared with the key 110. hen the machine is to be used for division, the bolt 106 is again engaged, in other cases the machine will be stopped for each operation of a part'division.

.lt-is of great importance that an automatic machine can be operated by hand as well as from some other source of power that it may be independent, for instance, of electric energy and be secured against disturbance caused therebyp Moreover there ,will be, no cost for operation, the machine will be cheaper to produce and may be operated any where.

For the purpose of selecting hand or power operation a bevel gear 113 is provided beside the bevel gear 3, the shaft in the former bevel gear carrying a crank, not shown. 'llhroughsimply turning thiscrank the machine will then automat cally perform its function.

I claim.:

1. In a computii'ig machine having a travelling number table, a driving shaft, a power source,.a coupling between said shatt and said power source, a pawl on said numher table, the combination of a slide with abntments in the path of the pawl, and a connection between said slide and said coupling whereby said coupling engagedon the striking of the pawl against; one of said abutmcnts.

2. In a computing machine having a. travelling number table, means tending to return said number table, a pawl on said number table, a plurality oi abutments in the path of said pawl, said pawl being adapted to engage said abutinents for restricting said number table against the influence of said return means, a parallelly movable horizontal bar operable on said pawl, and operating means arranged on a fixed machine part and opc'able on said bar on the opposite side thereof to said pawl for moving said bar and thereby releasing said pawl from said abutments.

lever with said control means whereby said coupling is connected on the striking of the pawl against one of said abutments.

4. In a computing machine having a setting element for the multiplicand and a number table element for the product, one of :taeaaei means tending to return the displaceable element, stop means preventing the return of said element, means for zeroizing a decimal place of-the multiplier by units, means antomatically actuated upon the zeroizin'g of the decimal place for releasing said stop means, and means for rendering said zeroizing means inoperative upon adjusting said switch to division.

5. In'a computing machine having a setting elementfor the multiplicand and a number table element for the product, one

of said elements being displaceable relative to the' other, and a control switch the combination of a setting'device for the multiplier, displaceable inv conjunction with the displaceable' element, means tending to return the displaceabl'e element, stop means preventing the return of the 'displaceable' element, means for zeroiz'ing a decimal place of the multiplier by units, means'automatically'actuated upon'the zeroizing of the decimal place for releasing said stop means, and means for rendering said zeroizing means inoperative upon adjusting said switch to division.

6. In a computin travelling number ta lo, a drive shaft, a power source, a clutch between said drive shaft and said power source, means automatically actuated upon the entrance of said number table into a newdecimal place for closing said clutch, and manually operable means for closing said clutch independently of the position of said number table.

7. In a computing machine having a frame element, a travelling number table element and means tending to return said table element, the combination of a toothed rack fixed to one of saidelements, a member arranged on the other of said elements and adapted to be brought rapidly into and out of engagement with theteeth of said rack, and means fdr actuating said member.

8. In a computing machine having a setting element for the multiplicand and 'a. number table element for the product, one of said, elements being displaceable relative to the'other, and a control switch, the combination of a setting device for the multiplier, meanstending to returnjthe displaceable element, stop'means preventing the return of the displaceable elementfm'eans for successively zeroizing the decimal places of the multiplier by'units, means automatically actuated upon the zeroizing of adecimal place for releasing said stop means, and means for rendering said zeroizing means inoperative upon adjusting said switch 'todivision.

9. In a computing machine having a setting element for the multiplicand and a number table element for the product, one of machine having a said elements being displaceable relative to the other, a control switch and a rotatable operating shaft, the combination of a setting device for the multiplier, means tending to return the d-isplaceable element, stop means preventing the return of said element, means for Zeroizing a decimal place of the multiplier by units steps, one step for each rotationof said operating shaft, means automatically actuated upon thezeroizing of the decimal place for releasing said stopmeans, and means for rendering saidv zeroizing means inoperative upon adjusting said control switch tobdivision. I

.10. In a computing machine having a travelling number table, a driving shaft, a

power source, a coupling between said shaft and saidpower source; a pawl on said numher table, aslide with abutments in the path of the pawl, and a connection between the slide and the coupling whereby sa-idcoupling is connected on the striking of the pawl against one of said abutments, thus starting the driving shaft; a plurality of teeth on' said number table corresponding to the number of its denominational places, and a manually operable member for selectively engaging any one of said teeth, thus holding said number table in a predetermined denominational place without releasing said coupling.

11. In a calculating machine, number wheels for settinga multiplier, a spurwheel on each of said number wheels, and a singleacting oscillating pawl adapted to cooperate with said spur wheels for'reversely returning said number wheels to Zero.

12. In a calculating machine having a travelling number table, step-by-step return means for'said number table and a pawl controlling the number table return, the combination of number wheels for setting aniultiplier, a spurvwheel on each of said number wheels, a single-acting oscillating pawl adapted to cooperate with said spur wheels for reversely returning said number wheels to zero, a lug in fixed connection with each of said number wheels in axial alignment with the zero 'mark thereof, and -;means whereby on the zeroizingof a number'wheel its lug actuates said control pawl for permitting a return movement of--sa id number tab'le.

13. In a computingmachine having a set-v ting element for the divisor' and a number table element for the dividend, one of said elementsbeing displaceable, relative to the other, a step-by-step return'm'eans for the displaceable element, and a state control lever for the setting element, means for auto- 1' matically. switching said lever at each return stop of the 'displaceable element.

14. Ina computing machine having a setting element for the divisor and a number 'tableelement for the dividend, one of said ,dition and the other to subtraction position, at each return step of the displaceablc element. i

15.111 a computing machine having a travelling number table, means tending to return said number table, a pawl on said number table, aplurality oi abntn'ients in the path of said pawl, said pawl being adapted to engage said abutments for restraining said number table against the influence of said return means, a parallelly movable horizontal bar operable on said pawl, operating means arranged on a fixed machine part and operable on said bar on the opposite side thereof to said pawl for moving said'bar and thereby releasing said pawl from said abutments, and means for automatically actuating said operating means upon the conclusion of a calculating action in any denominational place. i

16. In a computing machine having a travelling number table, means tending to return said number table, a pawl on said number table, a plurality of abutments in the path of-said pawl, said pawl being adapted to engage said abutments tor restraining said number table against the influence of said return means, a parallelly movable horizontal bar operable on said pawl, operating means arranged on a fixed machine. part and operable on said bar on the opposite side thereof to said pawl for moving said bar and thereby releasing said pawl from said abutments, means .t'or automatically actuating said operating means upon the conclusion of a calculating action in any denominational place, and manual means for actuating said operating means independently of said automatic means. i

17. In an electrically operated computing machine having a-travelling number table, a control-circuit, a switch in said circuit, an operating arm for said switch, and means on said number table for abutting said arm on the'completion of a computation whereby said switch is opened. V

18. In a computing machine having a travelling number table, a'power source, a drive shaft, and a clutch between said source and said shaft, said clutch'having a control lug projecting therefrom, the combination oi a pivoted hook for engaging said lug,

automatic means for swinging said hook into disengaging position relative to said lug upon the entrance of said number table into a new denominational place, and independent manually operable means tor displacing said hook in a direction at right angles to its swinging direction for disengaging said hook from said lug.

19. In a computing machine having a travelling number table and means tending to return said table, the combination of a toothed rack on said number table, and an oscillating lever arranged on a fixed machine part and adapted to engage the teeth of said rack in one direction of oscillation.

' plurality of fixed abutments in the path of said slide, said slide being-adapted to engage one of said fixed abutments for maintaining said number table in any denominapling between said power source and said drive shaft.

21. In a calculating machine, number wheels for setting a multiplier, a spur wheel on each of said number/wheels, a singleacting oscillating pawl adapted to cooperate with said spur wheels for reversely returning said number wheels to zero, a control switch alternatively settable for division and multiplication, and means operated on the setting of said switch for division "For rendering said pawl inoperative relative to said spur wheels.

22. In a calculating 'machine, number wheels for setting'a multiplier, a spur wheel on each of said number wheels, a single acting oscillating pawl adapted to cooperate with said spur wheels for reversely returning said number wheels to' Zero, a control switch alternatively settabl'e for division and multiplication, and means operated on the setting of said switch'for division for displacing said pawl relative to said spur wheels for rendering it inoperative thereupon,

28. In an automatic computing machine having a carrying device and a travelling number table, means tending to return said number table, stop means for preventing the returnof said number table, means for rendering said stop means inoperative. and means for controlling the travel of said number table by steps when said step means is inoperative, said means comprising an oscillatinglever, and -a tooth rack on said number table and engaged by said lever in one direction of its oscillation.

24. In a computing machine having a tional position without affecting the cou-' llO 

